FREE E BOOK ON WATER
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The main sources of water are
Surface water : sea water can be considered as flowing water
river water flowing water
stream flowing water
lakes, ponds, reservoirs these are all still water
Under ground water: Well and Spring water, Artesian well.
Rain water: It is obtained as a result of evaporation from the surface water forming clouds and comes down as rain. It gathers gaseous impurities and it also quickly absorbs organic and inorganic salts .
The following types of impurities are found in water
Suspended impurities: These impurities are turbidity, color, odour, to water. It may be inorganic ( clay , sand, etc) or organic vegetables, etc
Colloidal impurities: Products from organic waste, finely divided silica and clay are agents which come under colloidal impurities.
Dissolved impurities : It may be due to the presence of dissolved solids carbonates bicarbonates, chlorides, sulphtes of calcium, magnesium, iron, and sodium
Micro organism: These includes bacterias, fungi, and algae.
This bacteriological impurities make water dangerous for human consumption . these disease producing pathogens are introduced into water by animal or vegetable waste and through sewages flowing into water
HARDNESS OF WATER
Hardness of water is that characteristics prvents lathering of soap.
when certain salts of Ca Mg and other heavy metals dissolved in it it makes the water hard in which soaps does not form lather. ( ask for details at kaacconsultant@gmail.com)
TYPE OF HARDNESS
Temporary hardness : Temporary hardness is caused by the presence of dissolved bicarbonates of Calcium, magnesium,other heavy metals and Carbonate of iron.
mainly the salts resposible for temporary hardness are Calcium and magnesium bicarbonate
Temporary hardness can be largely removed by merely boiling of water. Decomposed bicarbonates while boiling produces carbonates or hydroxides which are deposited at the bottom of the vessel as scale.
temporary hardness is also known as carbonate hardness or alkaline hardness
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